What is the essence of Atman in Hindu teachings?

In Hindu teachings, Atman refers to the true self or soul and is understood as pure and absolute consciousness. This concept signifies the unchanging and eternal essence of individual beings, which is distinct from the physical body and the mind. Atman is often regarded as the ultimate reality that connects every living being to the universal spirit, or Brahman. Understanding Atman as pure consciousness emphasizes the idea of self-realization—recognizing one's true nature beyond physical existence, emotions, and mental states.

The other choices reflect aspects of human experience rather than the philosophical and spiritual significance attributed to Atman. For example, a temporary state of mind does not encompass the eternal and unchanging nature of Atman, while physical existence and emotional stability relate to the material and psychological aspects of life, which are seen as transient compared to the timeless essence of Atman. These distinctions highlight the depth of the concept, positioning Atman as a core principle in Hindu philosophy and spiritual practice.